Some elements occur in a pure form in nature and are considered minerals almost all are metals such as copper, silver, and gold. We describe their optical properties in terms of 3 perpendicular directions x, y, z fig. The most common trace elementscoloring elements in minerals are. This shows a light beam incident on an optical medium. In this behavior light particle known as photon act as a compact entity and can knock out loosely metalic bonded electrons from large atoms like cs and rb. In order to achieve optimal system performance, the following mechanical properties should be taken into consideration. Of the many optical properties of minerals, their luster, their ability to transmit light, their color, and their streak are most frequently used for mineral identification.
Just like in uniaxial minerals, if one is looking down one of the optic axes, light traveling along the optic axis will be vibrating in the. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. As different minerals have different optical properties, most rock forming minerals can be easily identified. Rockforming minerals and other mineralogy publications. Theory of the optical properties of materials nist. Go ahead and print these worksheet questions to use alongside the lesson on the optical properties of minerals. Most people assume that stones are dull, grey objects, and that you need something organic or manmade to be brightly coloured. Slides borrowedadapted from jane selverstone university of new mexico and john winter whitman college. The overarching objective of this project is reliably calculating the bulk optical properties of materials, such as complex index of refraction, absorption, and reflectance, across the electromagnetic spectrum. Geol3010 mineralogy adoptamineral this course requires a brief research paper on a pure mineral endmember. Optical properties of calcite and gypsum calcite eray 195 1. Emphasis on fundamental physical models in lectures application to real life situations.
In a quantitative way, the optical properties of metals are given in terms of two constants. They then diverge into the other pair of quadrants, reconverge, and so on. These properties indicate the position of the minerals in the classification and, likewise, their relations to each other. In some few instances, adequate material was not available, and therefore a thorough study could not be made. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. The most important of these properties are listed below. The thickness of rock sample is 30 microns and the thin rock sample is covered with glass. These properties are extremely useful for identifying a mineral. Certain characters of minerals dependent upon light have already been considered. Minerals by calculated radioactivity and by xray diffraction. Thin section preparation petrography and mineralogy. As this class deals with earth materials and processes, it is important that we gain.
Optical mineralogy is the study of minerals by measuring their optical properties. Beryllium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lithium, manganese, nickel, sulfur. The value of the index of refraction can be calculated using chemical and physical property data if these values are missing. Use properties of light absorption and propogation through a mineral a affected by atomic arrangement and composition. Other applications of crystalline optical materials make use of their directional properties, particularly those of noncubic i. Theoptical,chemical,baseexchange,dehydration,andlatticestructural characteristics of theclaymineralsareconsidered.
Unaxial minerals procedures for determining optical properties duration. The identification key is based on simple mineralogical tests such as luster, hardness, color and physical. Optical and electro optical properties of crystals i. The specimens on the left show some of the glorious variety of color in minerals. Main index minerals list optical properties minerals have many interesting optical properties.
We have now to deal with the optical properties that are especially important in the study of the group of minerals known as the rockforming minerals, that is, those that make up the common rocks of the earths crust. Objectives learn to examine minerals and to do tests for common properties learn to identify common rockforming and ore minerals on the basis of common physical properties. A laboratory study article pdf available in atmospheric chemistry and physics 611 august 2006. Optical properties of calcite and gypsum in crystalline.
Color in minerals results from the way light interacts with certain atoms, or groups of atoms, present in the mineral. The fourth edition of introduction to optical mineralogy has been thoroughly revised and updated to increase reading comprehension and improve the clarity of its illustrations. Using their chemical properties, minerals are identified by how they react to certain substances. Learn the properties of light associated with techniques governing the use of a petrographic microscope. Optical and electrooptical properties of crystals i. This webpage provides a compilation of online instructional resources and teaching activities related to optical mineralogy and petrography. The acute angle between the optic axes is called the 2v angle. In doing so, we gain insight into the atomic geometry, structural properties and electronic structure of materials, and improve our ability to predict properties of heterogeneous. The ordynary thin section is recomended for transmited light microscope observations. In defining the index of refraction and absorption coefficient of a metal.
The color is variable but a unique property of the mineral, such as the colors produced in precious opal and the shiller reflections in sunstone and labradorite. Define the eight basic physical properties of minerals. Pdf characterization of optical properties of optical. Characterization of optical properties of optical polymers article pdf available in optical and quantum electronics 453 march 2012 with 2,036 reads how we measure reads. Optical properties of minerals 12152009 physical characteristics of minerals i.
Nesse continues his detailed discussions of the petrographic microscope, the nature and properties of light, and the behavior of light in isotropic and anisotropic minerals, with detailed coverage of. As indicated by the table, the most useful optical properties for identifying most minerals are optical class and refractive index. How can we understand and predict electrical, optical and magnetic properties. Warmup the homework from the night before should be to bring in any rock. This chapter gives the physical, mechanical thermal, and optical properties of. The physical characteristics of minerals include traits which are used to identify and describe mineral species. New rockforming minerals publications from gsl rfm3c rockforming minerals, volume 3c.
Introduction to optical mineralogy hardcover william. The appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral is. The solid line represents the real part of the index of refraction and the dashed line represents the imaginary part. Nanofocusing of optical energy in tapered plasmonic waveguides, phys.
Some of these are useful, some intriguiging, and some just fun. Correlation of crystal systems and optical classes. Most commonly, rock and mineral samples are prepared as thin sections or grain mounts for study in the laboratory with a petrographic microscope. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. These traits include color, streak, luster, density, hardness, cleavage, fracture, tenacity, and crystal habit. Optical properties glasses are among the few solids that transmit visible light thin film oxides might, but scattering from grains limit their thickness mica windows at acoma pueblo glasses form the basic elements of virtually all optical systems. Another application occurs because the optical properties of minerals are related to the crystal chemistry of the mineral. Geology physical properties of minerals objectives students will be able to. Almost all minerals are compounds in which two or more elements are combined so they no longer have their distinct properties. Several important optical properties are applicable to minerals and gemstones from a scientific standpoint.
Ppt optical mineralogy powerpoint presentation free to. Optical properties and mineralogical composition of different saharan mineral dust samples. Physical and optical properties this section will include reference to the following tabulated data tables 1. Feldspars plagioclase and kfeldspar, pyroxene clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene. The relationship between chemical composition, density, and refractive index was proposed as a means of examining gasses and solutions gladstone, dale1863, phil. The most obvious visual property of a mineral is colour. Minerals definition, types, and identification department. The general relationship between crystal structure and optical properties is summarized in table 3. This lesson will identify the different optical properties of minerals used in identification. This was the challenge facing the authors of mineralogy and optical mineralogy.
Optical mineralogy is used to identify the mineralogical composition of geological materials in order to help reveal their origin and evolution. Emphasis on property measurements in labs using modern stateoftheart tools. Study of how light passes through thin sections rock cut and polished to about 0. Such exsolution textures are most readily observed in cross polars as host and exsolved minerals often have rather similar optical properties and so may have similar relief. The optical properties of metals are associated with high reflectivity and low transmission. The simplest group, namely reflection, propagation and transmission, is illustrated in fig. Chemical properties of minerals show the presence and arrangement of atoms in minerals. The most general application of optical mineralogy is to aid in the identification of minerals, either in rock thin sections or individual mineral grains.
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